|
Artificial Intelligence
Intelligence,
in any form, is the computational part of the ability to
accomplish particular task or achieve goals in the life. There
are various kinds and levels of intelligence in people, many
animals and some machines. The main problem is that despite of
advancements, we still cannot distinguish in general what kinds
and levels of computational procedures we want to call
intelligent.
Artificial
Intelligence is the engineering and the science of making
intelligent machines with some level of learning, especially
intelligent computer programs that can think and learn.
Artificial Intelligence is actually related to the task of using
computers and other machines to understand human intelligence,
but Artificial Intelligence does not have to confine itself to
methods that can be observable biologically. The main goal of
Artificial Intelligence is to make computer programs and robots
that can solve complex problems and achieve particular goals.
However, many scientists involved in specific research areas are
much less motivated and ambitious.
“Artificial
Intelligence is the study of ways in which computers can be made
to perform tasks, at which, at present, people are better.”
(Elaine, Kevin, 1990) Artificial Intelligence is normally
described as the art of making machines do things and perform
tasks that require some level of intelligence when performed by
humans. Artificial Intelligence has had some limited success and
it has simplified some areas of research. However, the five
decades since the start of Artificial Intelligence have brought
only very slow advancement and progress.
Artificial
Intelligence is the moving target and it does not include
problems and goals which cannot be solved well by humans and
computers. A computer program or any machine could be described
as artificially intelligent if it can efficiently solve problems
of decision making and reasoning under uncertainty, if it can
extract and acquire knowledge from data, experience, and experts
and if it can adjust its behavior to changes in its surrounding
environment and respond to new situations effectively and
efficiently.
Artificial
Intelligence is about developing computer systems to assist
people in solving complex problems or solve problems of decision
making or reasoning under uncertainty using an explicit and
clear representation of knowledge and reasoning methods.
“Artificial
Intelligence is the area of computer science concerned with
intelligent behavior in artifacts and involves perception,
reasoning, learning, communicating, and acting in complex
environments” (Nilsson, 1998). These days main target of
Artificial Intelligence is to build machines whose intelligence
level is higher than human being.
“The ultimate
goal of artificial intelligence is "nothing less than to build a
machine on the model of man, a robot that is to have its
childhood, to lean language as a child does, to gain its
knowledge of the work by sensing the world through its own
organs and ultimately to contemplate the whole domain of human
thought.” (Web, 1) Artificial Intelligence has many advantages
in our society; consider tasks that require scheduling,
planning, reasoning and decision making, with the help of
Artificial Intelligence we can perform these tasks in a better
way.
Artificial
Intelligence can also help to existing enhance business
application. For example, normal software may be used while
taking orders from customers on the phone, the software can be
used to check the availability of item, to record the sale,
prepare the customer and shipping invoice, and send instructions
to shipping. However, if requested item is not available then it
would be advantageous to automatically suggest alternative
choices to customers, instead of just say “Sorry” to a customer
on the phone. Artificial Intelligent software can enable this,
and it can enhance reputation for customer service, while
increasing sales.
Artificial
Intelligence automates process of performing similar tasks,
performing them faster and at a much lower cost as compared to
human experts. Thus it assists novices as well as experts to be
more productive. It also automates the process of monitoring and
advisory applications to reduce accidents and environmentally
harmful incidents at a very low cost.
Artificial
Intelligence is about use of computers to perform task which at
present are performed by humans. There are many other benefits
of Artificial Intelligent applications like: solving complex and
time consuming problems, symbolic reasoning, pattern recognition
and learning.
Bibliography
Elaine Rich,
Kevin Knight, 1990: Artificial
Intelligence
Nilsson, N.J., 1998: Artificial Intelligence:
A New Synthesis
Web, 1:
The History of Artificial Intelligence
http://web.mit.edu/STS001/www/Team7/home.html
(November 30,
2002)
|
